Terminal Velocity in a Parachute

Terminal Velocity in a Parachute The aim of this experiment was to see how several factors like the length of the string, mass of the object hung to the parachute and height of drop affect the terminal velocity in a parachute. When we would throw the parachute from a certain height it will accelerate and will continue to increase until a drag force acts on it causing the acceleration to decrease. There will be a point of time when the parachute accelerates at a constant speed (drag force equal to weight of the object). So in order to find this constant acceleration the research was divided into three different experiments. The three factors I was investigating were the mass, length and height of drop of the parachute where in each experiment one variable was being changed. I hypothesized in the first experiment that a heavy object will be more prone to reaching terminal velocity because it will travel faster and achieve a greater speed and this hypothesis was correct. With the second experiment when the length of the string was changed I had bit of problems because it was hard to get the object hung to the parachute when the length was small as it constantly got loosened. In the third and final experiment I predicted that a smaller height will have a greater speed because of which it will experience a greater force and hence terminal velocity will be reached and this assumption was correct. The measured heights though were not very accurate because I dropped the parachute in an open area under various different heights. Wind played a huge role in affecting some of the trials and I had to perform the experiment many times in order for the air resistance force be equal to the gravitational force. CONTENTS COVER PAGE 1 ABSTRACT 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND CONTENTS PAGE 3 BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE 4 HYPOTHESIS 5 EXPEIRMENTAL DESIGN 6 EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE 7 VARIABLES 8 DATA COLLECTION EXPERIMENT 1 9 EXPERIMENT 2 10 11 EXPERIMENT 12 13 FURTHER EVALUATION 14 ERRORS 15 IMPROVEMENTS AND CONCLUSION 16 BIBLIOGRAPHY 17 INTRODUCTION Background Knowledge I always have wondered how the military men used skydiving to intrude behind enemy lines and conduct various missions. After doing a bit of research I found out that Military skydivers are deployed from a large aircraft or at times from a helicopter in order to do their respective jobs which are mostly in the form of missions. They carry more gear then the normal skydivers, aside from the parachute they carry additional equipments like oxygen tank, weapons and other equipments which are needed for their missions so this becomes more challenging for these daredevils. So factors like mass of the skydiver, equipment they carry and the surface area  [1]  or height by which they fall from will affect the speed at which the travel. It would be hence interesting to design an experiment to see how these factors affect the terminal velocity of a parachute. Terminal Velocity occurs during free fall  [2]  when a falling body experiences zero acceleration that is when there is no acceleration in the parachute. It varies directly with the ratio of drag to weight. Terminal velocity reaches when the force of gravity  [3]  acting on the object is equal to the air resistance or viscous force of air on the body. Air resistance  [4]  is a major factor contributing in a falling object to reach terminal velocity as it can easily contribute to the speed at which the body falls. HYPOTHESIS A formula was derived by Sir Isaac Newton for one of the force considered in our experiment, air resistance: Fg = {Where, Fg = Force in Newtons G = 6.67 ÃÆ'- 10 -11 M1 = Mass 1 in Kilograms M2 = Mass 2 in kilograms r = Distance between m1 and m2 } When the parachute will be falling down there will be an acceleration of 9.8 ms-2 independent of the factors in the parachute. Terminal velocity wont always be the same; it will be different for different variables. My hypothesis is that a heavier object will have a greater terminal velocity than a light one. For an object to experience terminal velocity, air resistance must balance weight. When the force of gravity is equal to the air resistance the object will travel at a constant velocity (newtons first law) so in the case of a heavy object the force of air resistance in the atmosphere will cause the body to decelerate  [5]  . A light object wont be able to equal resistance the way a heavy object will Like the weight, surface area also has a great effect on a parachute reaching zero acceleration. The surface area is the height at which the parachute is falling down. If the object falls from a smaller height the time for it to touch the ground will be less and henceforth a greater terminal velocity is likely to be seen The third factor which I am taking in to consideration is the length of the string of the parachute. According to me the best string length will be the longest length since it allows the parachute to be more stable. As the parachute will be more stable the velocity will increase and hence there will be less time taken for the parachute to reach terminal velocity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The main aim of the essay is to see how various factors affect the terminal velocity of a parachute. In general there are many factors affecting the terminal velocity of a parachute like the air pressure  [6]  , drop time, canopy area, size of the apex vent, number of length of strings and canopy shape. But according to me the most important factors that play a vital role in the speed at which the parachute descents  [7]  are the mass of the object in the parachute, surface area (Height of drop) and the length of the string. As discussed above these factors are the main ones when a parachute descents, be it a small object, military men or a parachutist. One factor may be prone to reach zero acceleration at a faster rate than the other so in my experiment I will be seeing how these factors affect the parachute reaching a terminal velocity. To see how various factors affect the parachute in reaching zero acceleration three different experiments will be performed. The amount of time taken for each of the parachute to hit the ground will be calculated and one variable in each of the experiment will be changed. The parachute will be made out of a garbage bag of 60 by 84 inch size. Then a big circle will be cut out of the bag of which four holes will be made and then the string will pass through each of the holes and will be stuck by glue. All the four strings will be made into one by attaching a small ribbon onto it and the length of each the strings will be about 80 cm. After the parachute is the three experiments will be performed and after it we will be able to determine when the parachute will travel at a constant speed in order to reach terminal velocity. In each of the experiments there will be two controlled and one independent variable and will see how these variables affect the others. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE For the first experiment the height from which the parachute is being dropped will be kept constant and the length of the string in the parachute will remain the same. The factor that is being changed here is the weight of the object. Two different masses one of 50 and the other of 100 grams will be used and they will be hanged to the parachute one after the other in order to see which one is more prone to reach constant acceleration and they will be dropped many a times till I achieve accurate results. Time will be calculated here to see the speed at which the parachute reaches the ground when the mass is 50 and 100 grams. The weights will be measured by putting each of the masses on to a balance on by one. In the second experiment the length of the string will be kept as constant but the other factor that is kept constant here is the mass of the object. The mass of the object will be a constant 50 grams and using this amount of weight will make it easier for the parachute to reach zero acceleration. The height at which the parachute is being dropped will be changed in this experiment. I will start from a height of say 280 cm and will go up to 350 and see the time at which the parachute hits the ground in each of the case. In the third and final experiment the height of drop will remain the same (540cm) and again the weight of the object will be kept constant, the mass will be 50g. With the same parachute with the constant variables mentioned in these experiment strings of different length 80cm, 70cm, 60cm, 50cm, 40cm and 30cm will be attached. The parachute will be then dropped by 540cm in all the cases so that the parachute reaches terminal velocity. By this the variations in time will be known and hence we will be able to come to a conclusion. We will have to try our level best to avoid external force like wind to affect the experiment. VARIABLES Experiment Number Independent Variable Dependent Variable Controlled Variable 1 Mass of the object Terminal Velocity and the time elapsed until terminal velocity is reached. Surface area and the length of the string. They are the other two factors taken into consideration for the object reaching terminal velocity. 2 Height of drop of the parachute Terminal Velocity and the time elapsed until terminal velocity is reached Mass and the length of the string in the parachute will be the same in this experiment and they are the two factors taken into consideration. 3 Length of the string Terminal Velocity and the time elapsed until terminal velocity is reached. Mass and Surface area are kept constant in experience three. This time the Mass and Surface area wont be altered. DATA COLLECTION Experiment 1 In the first experiment the independent variable is the mass of the object hung to the parachute. The controlled variables are the height of drop and length of the string Height of drop of the parachute = 540 cm Length of the string is 80cm Object 1 (50g) Trials Time( ±0.1s) 1 6.52 2 7.46 3 6.38 4 8.36 5 7.94 6 7.81 7 6.63 8 7.32 Object 2 (100g) Trials Time( ±0.1s) 1 4.32 2 3.21 3 3.97 4 3.73 5 4.18 6 4.35 7 3.36 8 4.57 Experiment 2 In the second experiment the independent variable is the height of drop, it is being changed and the factor that is kept constant is the length of the string and the mass of the object used. Length of the string 80cm Mass of the object 50g Height of Drop ( ±0.05cm) Time( ±0.1s) Average Trial 1 Trial 2 Time( ±0.1s) 280 0.89 0.74 0.82 290 0.98 1.17 1.01 300 1.39 1.27 1.33 310 1.34 1.56 1.45 320 1.71 1.82 1.77 330 2.03 2.11 2.07 340 2.34 2.49 2.42 350 2.72 2.77 2.75 After plotting the datas with appropriate error bars and the line of best fit I found out that as the height of drop increases the time for the parachute to fall down increases. When you drop the parachute from a height of above 325 m then the parachute will be more prone to reach terminal velocity. When the parachute was falling down the drag force increased with increase in terminal velocity. It reaches a maximum velocity when the drag force equals the driving force. From a height of 280 to 310 m the parachute fell at a very fast rate (0.5 1.0 s) because of which constant velocity wasnt reached. Also noticed in this graph was that there is constant acceleration at a height od 330 cm which shows us that terminal velocity has been reached. Experiment 3 For the third and final experiment the factor that is being changed is the length of the string. This time the mass of the object and height of drop is kept as the controlled variables. Mass of the object 50g Height of drop 540cm Trials Length of the string ( ±0.05cm) Time ( ±0.1s) 1 80 7.21 2 70 6.39 3 60 5.85 4 50 5.77 5 40 4.32 6 30 3.97 After plotting the graph for the third experiment where the length of string in the parachute was changed I found out that when there was a decrease in the length of the string then the time for the parachute to fall down also decreased. This means that a longer string will be more prone to terminal velocity. When the length of the string decreased then the air resistance increased due to the increase in length which resulted in the parachute to fall down at a constant velocity. For a string of length of more than 50 cm terminal velocity will be reached at a faster rate. In this experiment also constant acceleration is seen at higher lengths of around 65 to 80cm FURTHER EVALUATION In each of the experiments we can now successfully say that terminal velocity was there at some point or the other. The question posed how factors like the surface area, mass of the object and length of the string affects the parachute in reaching a terminal velocity and we can say that all of these factors have an effect in reaching zero acceleration. When the length of the string was greater than terminal velocity was seen very quick and when you would increase the height of drop of the parachute also terminal velocity will be successfully reached. The air resistance depends on the height of drop and the speed at which the parachute travels. But as the height of drop, length of the string and mass of the object was not big with greater values there was a lower terminal velocity seen. In the first experiment we noticed that speed changes as we change the mass of the object. So we can say that terminal velocity is affected when we change the weight. According to Newtons Second law, the force of gravity is proportional to mass under free fall. So, F = mg where g is the acceleration due to gravity directed downwards When terminal velocity is reached mg = drag force of the object If we assume this drag force to be the same, when the mass of the object increases then terminal velocity also increases to correspond to the increase in force. In the experiment when the mass of the object hanged to the parachute was more the terminal velocity was reached at a faster rate than object with a lighter mass because in this case the drag force of the object equaled mg more quickly. But one thing noticed in this experiment was that the parachute traveled at a faster rate not only because of the weight but also due to the surface area. The object with mass 50 grams had a greater surface area due to which the terminal velocity resulted to be low. When the weight of 100g was measured the surface area was comparatively low due to which the terminal velocity was higher. The greater weight increases the terminal velocity by acting as an extra force against gravity and air resistance. In the case of different heights we noticed that when we increase the height of drop then naturally the speed would increase and hence terminal velocity would be reached. For the experiment I performed, the last trial when the parachute was dropped at a height of 350 m the recorded time was 2.75 seconds. At a time of approx. 1.80 seconds terminal velocity was reached because as mentioned above this was the time when the drag force was equal to mg. However as the height gets lower the terminal velocity would decrease. Under gravity an object falls at a rate of 9.8 m/s2 which tells us that per second that the parachute falls its velocity increases by 9.8 m/s2. When the parachute is falling form a higher distance(350m) it will have more time to speed up which will result in a higher terminal velocity. It was clear that when the best length string was that of 80cm. The larger the size of the length of the string was the greater was drag force and hence faster it equaled the other forces. When the string had a greater length the parachute was more spread out. The open parachute lets the air resistance to increase. If the length of the strings are short then less air will enter the parachute which would lower the parachutes drag force or resistance ERRORS In each of the experiments there were difficulties faced and one of the main ones was the force of wind. For some of the readings taken the wind speed increased so much that it changed the direction of the parachute. Even though direction does not have any effect on a parachute reaching terminal velocity most of the times but at some cases this change of direction can increase or decrease the speed of the parachute. In one of the readings taken for the change in the length of the string the parachute at the beginning travelled at a decent treat but all of a sudden it changed directions and was falling down vertically. This case happened when the length of the string was short (30cm) also in one of the readings taken for the same experiment of length 40cm the parachute collapsed in no time. Another difficulty that was encountered in all of the experiments was that the region of drop of the parachutes (540cm) there was a lot of wind because of which the parachutes would get blown away at times resulting a significant error in some of the readings taken. There were a few human errors in the experiment for example the height of drop was not constant for the experiments. For each of the readings we took a rough value after first measuring what 540cm was. This could result in the time going a few seconds up or down. These changes dint allows the calculations to be accurate for the average velocity. Another error I encountered was the mass of the object hung to the parachute. I assumed the mass of 100 grams to be a good one for this experiment but instead it increases the acceleration of the parachute which dint allow the parachute to open well so to create and upward force and hence reach terminal velocity. When the parachutes length was 30 and 40 cm terminal velocity was not reached because the parachute reached the ground before so the air resistance was not there. IMPROVEMENTS We could improve on the results by performing the experiment when there was very less wind as that would not then affect the height of drop (540cm). Another thing we could do is that of adding nets to the parachute in order to see how much of air is blocked in the material which affects the velocity at which the parachute travels. This results in the experiment to be more precise as only the part when the parachute reaches terminal velocity will be measured. I could perform the experiment at various high lengths which would result in more readings where terminal velocity will be reached because when the length of the string was 30 and 40cm there was no constant acceleration sees as the parachute hit the ground as a fast rate. CONCLUSION The aim of the experiment was to see how various factors affect the terminal velocity of a parachute and my results were such that the heavier mass, larger length and greater height were more prone to reach terminal velocity. The graph had constant acceleration toward the higher region which proved our hypothesis. In each of the experiments when drag force equaled mg at a faster rate, there was constant acceleration seen quickly. But we should know that in reality terminal velocity is not very well defined because external factors such as air density, constant gravity and wind keep changing with time and will have an effect on the experiments we perform. For example in the experiment where the height of drop was changed the factors mentioned above will change with height due to which the terminal velocity also changes. More or less the results obtained were quite accurate and has a good scope for others to keep researching on this topic

Acts 2: 1-18 :: Religion Christianity Bible Essays

Acts 2: 1-18 In the beginning of Acts 2, the disciples had returned to Jerusalem from Mt. Olivet. They had seen the ascension of Jesus, but they weren't sad, as some might have expected. Jesus had promised to send a Comforter, and they could hardly wait. They were excited and were gathered in the temple, praising God and waiting. Luke 24: 53 reads that they were "continually in the temple, praising and blessing God." They remembered the words that Jesus said, "Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in My name, He will give it to you. Hitherto have ye asked nothing in My name. Ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be full" (John 16:23). The disciples believed this promise, truly sought God, humbled their hearts with united minds and spirit, and waited on the Holy Ghost to fall. Jesus not only promised to send a Comforter, but power as well. He said in Luke 24:49, "And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you: but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem until ye be endued with power from on high." The Holy Ghost infilling brings not only comfort and peace, but power also. On the day of Pentecost, people were gathered in Jerusalem from miles around to celebrate. The feast of Pentecost, first day of the week, was kept in remembrance of the law on Mt. Sinai where the Jewish church got its start. Because of the masses gathered, this was a perfect day for the Holy Ghost to come down. There would be hundreds of witnesses and the word of the gospel and the awesome events could be spread quickly and more easily. In the Old Testament, when God came down He presented Himself in a cloud. When Jesus ascended back to heaven, He did this in a cloud. But in Acts 2, the Holy Ghost was quite different. "Suddenly there was a sound from heaven like a mighty rushing wind." Being completely unprepared, the disciples were probably startled, but more importantly their undivided attention was gained. The sound not only filled the one room, but the whole house, the streets, and maybe even houses beside them. So, not only was the attention of the disciples gained, but the crowd outside as well. Then "cloven tongues, like as of fire" descended on each of them and they began to speak in tongues.

Answer to exercises

Why does the Hong Kong Government impose duties on very few types of imports? p. 151 Discuss 12. Explain how the imposition of tariffs and quotas may restrict international trade and rotect domestic industries. p. 154 12. 2 ‘Free trade benefits everybody in an economy. ‘ Do you agree? Explain. Test yourself Refer to Fig. 12. 5. Explain why the supply curve after the imposition ofa unit tariff t is represented by the line abeg (Hint: Find out the quantities supplied at domestic prices below, equal to and above (Pw + t), respectively). p. 160 12. 3 Who would gain and who would lose under a quota? Fill in the following table with a in the appropriate box and account for them.Lose Reasons The importing country which imposes a quota Consumers Producers of import-competing industries The government The exporting faces a quota Producers of exports How do trade barriers imposed on the exports of the mainland of China also adversely affect Hong Kong? pp. 173-176 Exercises Multiple Choice Questions Free trade A. benefits all domestic consumers and producers. B. benefits domestic consumers of imports but harms domestic producers of import- competing industries. C. benefits domestic consumers of exports but harms domestic producers of exports. D. arms all domestic consumers and producers. Which of the following descriptions about trade barriers is INCORRECT? A. A tariff is a ax imposed on imports. B. A quota is a maximum limit imposed on the quantity of imports. C. An export subsidy is a government grant on exports. D. Exchange control is the government control over exchange rates, i. e. the prices of foreign currencies in terms of domestic currency. Which of the following is an effect of a quota? A. A quota shifts the supply curve of the imported product upwards. B. A quota reduces both domestic consumption and domestic production.C. A quota raises the quality of the imported product. D A quota raises the world price of the imported product. 4. Refer to the fo llowing diagram. The deadweight loss brought by a tariff is represented by A. Area (E + G). B. Area (H + D+ B). c. Area (B + q. Under the individual visit scheme, many individuals from the mainland of China travel to Hong Kong. This increases Hong Kongs (1) domestic exports of goods. (2) re-exports of goods. (3) exports of services. (4) imports of goods. A. (2) only B. (3) only C. (3) and (4) only D. (2) and (3) only 8.Which of the following descriptions about Hong Kongs attempts to face challenges in foreign trade is INCORRECT? A. Introduction of the Mandatory Provident Fund to improve the welfare of workers B. Improving productivity through capital investment as well as research and development C. Relocating land-intensive and labour-intensive production processes to the mainland of China and other low-cost economies D. Participating actively in international organisations and conferences to promote international trade Short Questions Country A imports Good X and exports Good Y.Su ppose the world price of Good X is lower than the domestic price of Good X in Country A under autarky. With the help of TWO diagrams, compare the situation without trade and the situation with trade and show the gains from trade. Do all domestic consumers and domestic producers benefit from trade? (8 marks) b**. Suppose the world price of Good Y is higher than the domestic price of Good Y in Country A under autarky. With the help of TWO diagrams, compare the situation domestic consumers and domestic producers benefit from trade? 8 marks) With the help of a diagram, illustrate why the imposition of a quota would benefit domestic producers but harm domestic consumers and bring a deadweight loss to an economy. (8 marks) Structured Questions Trade Organization, China has to reduce its tariff on cotton. Suppose the world price f cotton remains unchanged after the tariff reduction. a. With the help ofa diagram, illustrate how the reduction in the tariff affects the domestic price, domesti c consumption, domestic production and volume of imports of cotton. (7 marks) b.How does the tariff reduction affect the consumer surplus, producer surplus, government revenue and total social surplus? (5 marks) a. Compare the effects of an increase in domestic demand on the domestic price, domestic consumption, domestic production and volume of imports if a country imposes a tariff and a quota on its imports, respectively. 12 marks) b. Would consumers prefer a tariff or a quota in the above situation? (2 marks) Answers p. 150 1. They mainly want to cut the volume of imports so as to protect their domestic industries. Moreover, imposition of duties on imported goods may raise government revenue. . The imposition of duties will raise the domestic price of imported goods, reduce the volume of imports, lower the consumer surplus of domestic consumers, but increase the producer surplus of domestic producers. 3. Many of Hong Kongs imports do not have domestic substitutes, e. g. , water, food, raw materials. Moreover, the image of a free port facilitates Hong Kong's negotiation with its trading partners to reduce their trade barriers. On the whole, free trade brings more benefit than harm to Hong Kong. p. 151 Discuss 12. 1 After tariffs are imposed, the domestic prices of imports rise.By the law of demand, people will buy fewer units of imports. After the imposition of quotas, the maximum quantities of imports allowed are smaller than the equilibrium quantities. As a result, the quantities of imports will drop. As people buy fewer units of imports, they buy more units of domestic goods as substitutes for imports. Hence, domestic industries are protected. p. 154 Discuss 12. 2 No. With free trade, domestic prices drop and domestic consumption rises. As a result, the consumer surplus increases, as illustrated by Area (C + E) in Fig. 12. 3.Hence, domestic consumers of imports gain. However, domestic prices drop and domestic production falls. As a result, the producer su rplus decreases, as illustrated by Area C Therefore, free trade does not benefit everybody. However, on the whole, as consumers' gains are greater than producers' losses, the total social surplus increases, as illustrated by Area E in Fig. 12. 3. Test Yourself 12. 1 At domestic prices below (Pw + t), since the price cannot cover the cost [i. e. the world price (PW) plus tariff (t)], importers are not willing to supply the good.Only domestic producers with MC domestic price will supply. This portion of the supply curve is represented by line segment ae. Since the domestic economy is a small open economy, it cannot affect the world price (PW) no matter how many units it imports. At the domestic price of (Pw + t), since the price can cover the (constant) cost, importers are willing to supply as many units as consumers desire without raising the price. Even if demand increases, the domestic price will not rise above (Pw + t). Hence, the supply curve turns horizontal at Point e (represen ted by line segment eg).

Market Structure Assignment - 2781 Words

|Dudley College of Technology | |Market Structures | | | | | |Dudley College of Technology | |May 2011†¦show more content†¦| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Show MoreRelatedMaximizing Profits in Market Structures1287 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment: Maximizing Profits in Market Structures 1 What are the characteristics of each market structure? A competitive market is many sellers that sell similar products with very little control over the market selling price. An example of competitive market structure is a gasoline station. There can be many gasoline stations in a certain mile radius, the more gasoline stations there are in a small area the higher the competitive the market. Monopolies: Monopolies are a groupRead MoreDemand Curve Essay examples976 Words   |  4 Pages5:26 PM (CDT) Unit 4 - Individual Project Assignment Overview Go To: Type: Individual Project Unit: Market Structure and Firm Strategy Due Date: Mon, 3/14/16 Grading Type: Numeric Points Possible: 200 Points Earned: 0 Deliverable Length: 1000-1500 words Assignment Details Scenario Learning Materials Reading Assignment My Work: Online Deliverables: Submissions Assignment Details Assignment Description Weekly tasks or assignments (Individual or Group Projects) will be dueRead MoreEco 550687 Words   |  3 PagesWeek 6 Assignment 2 Submission Click the link above to submit your assignment. Students, please view the Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment in the Student Center. Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center. Assignment 2: Operations Decision Due Week 6 and worth 300 points Using the regression results and the other computations from Assignment 1, determine the market structure in which the low-calorie frozen, microwavable food company operates. Use the InternetRead MoreMarketing Geography1221 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Geography Assignment #2 Topic 8 Value - 25% of course grade In this assignment, you will evaluate Sherway Gardens Shopping Centre in the context of its surrounding land uses and surrounding population. Distance decay models suggest that most customers at a shopping facility reside less than ten minutes travel time from the facility. This suggests that a shopping facility should reflect the retail needs of the surrounding population. You will determine if the market focus of Sherway GardensRead MoreBusiness Btech854 Words   |  4 PagesBTEC National Extended Diploma in Business Assignment Brief – ASSIGNMENT ONE Unit title | Unit 41 Business Markets and the Economy | Assignment | Business organisation and objectives | Start date | 10th March 2014 | Draft deadline date | 19th March 2014 | Final deadline date | 26th March 2014 | Assessor | Mr Muhammad | P1 - identify the objectives of a range of organisations | P2 - explain how organisations meet their objectives | M1 - compare the methods used to achieveRead MoreBusiness Envrionment Assignment Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesSchool of Business and Management Limited Assignment Session: 2012- 2013 Edexcel BTEC Level 5 HND Business and Marketing Unit 1 Assignment: Business Environment Assignment Introduction The assignment is aimed at providing you with an understanding of different organisations, the influence of stakeholders and the relationship between businesses and the local, national and global environments. Learning outcomes On successful completion of this assignment you will be able to: 1 Understand the organisationalRead MoreAssignment Sheet : An Assignment Cover Sheet1395 Words   |  6 Pages NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Student: THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Follow these procedures: If requested by your instructor, please include an assignment cover sheet. This will become the first page of your assignment. In addition, your assignment header should include your last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number. This should be left justified, with the page number right justified. For example: DoeJXXX0000-1 Read MoreHsa 405 Week 3 Assignment 1 Strayer Latest640 Words   |  3 PagesHSA 405 WEEK 3 ASSIGNMENT 1 STRAYER LATEST To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hsa-405-week-3-assignment-1-strayer-latest/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HSA 405 WEEK 3 ASSIGNMENT 1 STRAYER LATEST HSA 405 Week 3 Assignment 1 - Health Policy and Law Basics - Strayer Latest As a chief operating officer of a hospital, you have been tasked with opening a new ambulatory care center in your city. Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you: SpecifyRead MoreCorporation and Decker1253 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment File 37 Assignment 4 Due date: 7 June 2010 Read the case Strategic and Organizational Change at Black Decker and answer the questions below. Each question carries 25% of the marks for this assignment. Questions How would you characterize Black Decker s international expansion during the 1950s and 1960s? What strategy was the company pursuing? What was the key feature of the international organization structure that Black Decker operated with at this time? Did BlackRead MoreMonopoly and Discussion Board Posts1554 Words   |  7 Pagesbring about market efficiency? What   solutions need to be provided for your examples? Guided Response : Review the discussion board posts of your classmates. What are some of the key differences between positive and negative externality? Respond to at least two of your classmates. Analyze the solutions your classmates offered and compare them to your own. Provide advice to your classmates’ solutions for making the market more efficient. Assignment To complete the following assignment, go to this

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay - 2690 Words

Introduction: In order to overcome behavioral problems such as anxiety, depression or fear, individuals usually communicate their problems or anxieties with their trusted friends or family members. In case of a somewhat complicated problem, a counselor is consulted. These are a relatively simple form of psychotherapies that individuals have been practicing from centuries. However, with the development of modern science and advancements in the field of psychology, theorists have identified some more effective approaches for psychoanalysis. The most noticeable work in this regard was done by Sigmund Freud who was the first to develop modern techniques for psychoanalysis. Despite of the fact that Freud’s approaches towards psychoanalysis†¦show more content†¦Buddhism as a religion demands its followers to bring considerable psychological changes in terms of their lifestyle, thinking patterns etc. The Noble Eightfold Path discussed above, demands a major psychological change in an indi vidual. It should be noted that this change is achievable through an individual’s own effort. Some of the main psychological aspects are clearly discussed in Buddhism including the concept of motivation, perception and cognition. Discussing the concept of motivation, Buddhism clearly defines the basic motivations behind human actions. It declares that the behavior of an unenlightened person is derived by driven by craving or desire. As discussed earlier, this craving or desire is supposed to be responsible for suffering in life. Buddhism classifies desires, craving or â€Å"tanha† in three different forms named as kama tanha (desire for sensory satisfaction), bhava tanha (desire for survival) and vibhava tanha (desire for extermination). (Davidson Harrington) In Buddhism, perception is believed to be based on twelve gateways, including the five senses, the mind or â€Å"inner sense† and the object of these six senses. The inner sense possesses the capability to mirror on the objects of the five senses. The amalgamation of each of the five senses and its objects resultShow MoreRelatedBehavioral Therapies : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1752 Words   |  8 PagesFrom the lens of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, an integrated mix of both cognitive and behavioral approaches is best suited the treatment of clients. All the approaches under Cognitive Behavioral Therapy require several different attributes. Some of them being; the need for a positive working relationship between client and therapist, the belief that distress is a cognitive process, treatment is a focus in changing cognitions to create positive change in mood or behavior. Changing irrationalRead MoreBehavioral Therapy And Cognitive Therapy869 Words   |  4 Pagespaper, I will compare and contrast Group Therapy and Cognitive therapy, more specifically, dialectical behavioral therapy, and the differences between assessment types that clinicians use to determine a diagnosis and therapy that would best benefit their client. In the second part of my paper, I will discuss and address different considerations in which a therapist should make in order to provide a safe and effectively therapeutic environment. Though therapy is a largely utilized form of mental healthRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy2168 Words   |  9 PagesBackground Developed in the mid 1960s by Aaron Beck, the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model theorizes that the interpretation of both external and internal events is biased, and can tap unhealthy underlying beliefs that potentially lead to emotional distress (Beck, 2005). Over the years CBT has accumulated an impressive track record in the treatment of a variety of mood disorders. In 1985, a review of 220 studies using CBT in the treatment of depression concluded that 91% supported the modelRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1447 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy Djiedjorm Doe (Dede) Middlesex Community College Cognitive behavioral therapy, commonly known as CBT, is a systematic process by which we learn to change our negative thought into more positive ones. CBT is a combination of two types of therapy, cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. cognition is our thought, so cognitive behavioral therapy combines working with our thought process and changing our behavior at the same time. Cognitive behavioral therapistsRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1502 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy, in its most modern form, was developed in 1960 by Aaron T. Beck. However, CBT has an interesting history dating back to the 1920s in the United States and even earlier in other parts of the world. â€Å"Precursors of certain fundamental aspects of CBT have been identified in various ancient philosophical traditions, particularly Stoicism. Stoic philosophers, particularly Epictetus, believed logic could be used to identify and discard false beliefs that lead to destructiveRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrational or automatic thoughts. Using Cognitive-behavioral therapy you can learn to stop these thoughts and replace them with helpfulRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrational or automatic thoughts. Using Cognitive-behavioral therapy you can learn to stop these thoughts and replace them with helpfulRead MoreCognitive Behavioral And Behavioral Family Therapy2903 Words   |  12 Pages Week 11 Assignment: Signature Assignment: Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy Rayon L. Walton Nortcentral University One of the most effective components of MFT is Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy (CBFT). CBFT incorporates cognitive processes that affect behavior and applies it to the therapeutic process of clients. The foundational principles of CBFT stem from behavioral concepts that were impacted by issues that affected clients such as phobias, anxiety and parenting deficiencies;Read MoreCognitive Therapies And Behavioral Therapy982 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive behavioral therapy, on the contrary, utilizes directive consulting tools to control and guide its patients. These include such things as asking questions, interpreting, and providing direction to a client’s attention and emotions. â€Å"Aaron Beck developed cognitive therapy, an approach that focuses on recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs into more realistic and constructive thoughts and beliefs† (Erford, 2014). It is believed that cognitive behavioral therapyRead MoreCognitive Psycholo gy : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1700 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy is a school of psychotherapy that intends to assist individuals with conquering their emotional issues. A focal idea in CBT is that you feel the way you think. Therefore, CBT focuses on the fact that you can live all the more cheerfully and effectively in you begin thinking with a better mindset. CBT urges you to comprehend that you re thought process or beliefs lie between the occasion and your definitive sentiments and activities. The

My Experience At My Life - 865 Words

Last year during winter, my friend and I decided to spend our day in Chicago. It was a cold, brisk day and it started snowing. We had our warm coats on, yet we were still freezing. On our way to get to the train station, we saw a homeless man, he had no coat on and he was shaking from the cold. I looked at him, and suddenly I felt his pain. It was a strange moment and I wanted to feel the cold that he was feeling, I wanted to be in his shoes so I took my coat off and I offered it to him. My friend stopped me and he gave the homeless man his coat instead. In that moment, there was a smile on the old man’s face, he wore the coat immediately, and he gave us his blessings. After reading both, the article â€Å" Baby in The Well†, and â€Å" The Empathy Exams†, this occurrence immediately came to my mind. While reading about empathy, I felt dà ©jà   vu, and I remembered how I empathized with the homeless man by the train station. In the article, â€Å"Baby in the Well† and the book â€Å" The Empathy Exams†, both authors agree that empathy is human and it is what we need, however there Is a lack of empathy in our society. Paul Bloom mentions a quote I find very interesting at the very beginning of his article. â€Å" I believe that we don’t have enough empathy in our world today, and it is up to your generation to change that.† (Bloom 1) Empathy means to feel the pain that someone else is feeling in a certain situation. It means to be in someone’s shoes and feel their sadness or their sickness. In ourShow MoreRelatedMy Experience In My Life1013 Words   |  5 Pages At this point in my life , if i review my previous experiences i would say that i am fairly pleased. Ive been able to gain numerous life and academic skills through hard work and determination. Though many of my experiences havent been pleasant ,in a way it has helped me grow and build my character as a person. As individuals we all go through many harsh obstacles , obstacles we sometimes think we will never overcome . but eventually we do . right ? think about it evenRead MoreMy Experience With My Life1356 Words   |  6 Pagesdo not have an abundant number of passions myself. In fact, as I think about it there are really only two subjects of interest that I feel rise to the level of passion for me; my God and sports. These two areas have been integral parts of my life for as long as I can remember. I grew up in the church and much of my young life was spent either there or on a sports field of some sort. These two institutions, I feel have shaped me into the adult that I have become and the career I feel myself called toRead MoreMy Experience On My Life1202 Words   |  5 PagesAll I could think of sitting at my desk at work was about the conversation me and my husband had the night before. I sat there staring at my computer screen wondering if it was the right thing to do, or was I just wasting my time on a hope long forgotten. The hours slowly ticked by, and everything I was working on with my customers and their loans were a blur. I couldn’t get that thought out of my head. It was eating away at me. This is something that I have wanted for a long time. I put it on holdRead MoreMy Experience In My Life942 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout a person’s life, there can be many things, such as friends and family, education, or sports, that help them develop skills to turn them into the person they are today. Without these different skills, it can possibly lead to a lower standard of living, which is not what we strive for. The thing that helped me develop my unique skill set that I can use through the rest of my life, which is also my cultural artifact, is a football. Football has taught many different things that I am ableRead MoreMy Experience In My Life905 Words   |  4 Pagesmajority of my life I have belonged in the little world , stretching from Chicago to Cleveland and South Bend to Nashville. The boundaries of my known world have always felt like a limiting factor in my life. While my friends ventured to far away lands every year, I would spend the night at my grandparents house or we would make a day-trip to a city. With spring break approaching my family and I were going to change that, we were going to South Carolina. One dreary cold Indiana morning my family andRead MoreMy Personal Experience : My Experience In My Life1003 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult to write about my life—not because I do not know what to say, but because I am often fearful of sharing my experiences and having them impact how people view me. My identity and upbringing are not necessarily unique, but I have been in situations that society tends to be uncomfortable with. Repeated sexual assaults, psychological abuse, neglect, and financial hardships are factors in my life that I tried to forget when I started college. Now that I am at the end of my undergraduate educationRead MoreMy Writing Experience : My Experience In My Life921 Words   |  4 PagesAs a Human, throughout life there are many skills that are critical to acquire, during childhood and as you become older. One of the most important and useful skill you will need is writing. From first, learning to write words and sentences, to more advanced writing like essays. Everyone learns to write a little differently, some ways are learning from your parents or learning words and letters in kindergarten. As you get further down the path of life you develop higher skills of writing. As peopleRead MoreMy Experience On My Life953 Words   |  4 PagesThe wind was slicing through my hair as my sweat was dripping off my metallic purple frames. I placed each foot on each of the pedals and took off. My whole world was filled with the rattling sounds coming from the dreaded training wheels. Everything would always come to a stop whenever I would hit each bump. â€Å"I need to get these thing off!† I thought constantly. The training wheels were such a nuisance because they gave me a wobble that kept me off balance, and they provided no extra speed. ThereRead MoreMy Experience In My Life1850 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough while growing up and forming into the person I am today. Going through all the experiences I have gone through, I didnâ€⠄¢t realize how much they would impact me today and serve as lessons. Today I am a freshman in college. I did not think I would make it this far. The precious gift of life is to enjoy every moment as if it is your last. May 12, 2007. Boom. A sound I will remember forever. My eyes are wide and my jaw drops. I can’t believe what I’m seeing. Let’s start from the beginning. On thisRead MoreMy Personal Experience : My Experience In My Life1097 Words   |  5 Pagesbirthed in Syria and a mother from the coast of Long Beach, California, my childhood was, to say the least, interesting. However, everything that happened from my birth until now, all made me who I am today, someone I am very proud to have become after these seventeen years. The first three years of my life were spent on the West Coast in the city of Irvine, California. I don’t remember too much from these years, but I do know my parents labored long shifts, sacrificing precious time to support an

Marketing and Promoting E-commerce Mobile App

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Promoting E-commerce Mobile App. Answer: Introduction E-commerce is considered to make marketing and the business simpler through efficient service delivery that satisfies the consumers and the investors. A mobile application is developed for the supermarkets that use the e-commerce concepts and the mobile technology. Franchise supermarket is a major business that is considered in this paper and this uses the concepts of e-commerce and mobile technology (Turban, Strauss and Lai 2015). The marketing and promotional strategy developed for the supermarkets will make sure to promote the goal to offer a mobile application that will facilitate consumers to make purchases through mobile applications. The objective of the current paper is to develop marketing and promotional strategy for the new mobile application of the supermarkets. The developed marketing strategies and storyboard for online advertisement promote that the new mobile applications for supermarkets will use location-based services that will alert the users in the nearby supermarket branches and certain associated services (Einav et al. 2014). Moreover, Michael Porters Four Ps model including product, pricing, place and promotion based strategies will also be developed for the new e-commerce business. Storyboard that will be prepared for online advertisement intends to examine distinct approaches employed by the supermarkets through developing video adverts for marketing the e-commerce mobile applications. Marketing Strategy Proposal An effective marketing strategy is considered to be prepared for the new e-commerce mobile applications through employing Michael Porter 4Ps model. Product- The supermarkets offer a great range of products to all its target consumers. The product mix of the supermarkets identifies the outputs of the supermarkets (Hew et al. 2016). The supermarkets tends to have a diverse range of product mix and also keeps on expanding its product offerings that includes major categories mentioned under: 1. Appliances2. Clothing and handbags3. Computers and printers4. Grocery5. Jewellery and watches6. Health and beauty7. Furniture8. Home services9. Sports and fitness 10. Gasoline11. Health and beauty12. Furniture13. Baby products Along with offering the following products that is found within the supermarkets stores and warehouses, the supermarkets offers certain services that includes photo printing services, payroll services within business services and life insurance within life services. Such aspect of marketing mix indicates that the supermarkets have made great expansion of its products mix to a significant diversification degree (Strm, Vendel and Bredican 2014). The product aspect of the marketing mix affects the supermarkets through defining consumer experience. The supermarkets attain convenience as it offers a wide range of goods within its stores and the e-commerce websites of the supermarkets are developed in a better manner for assisting the shoppers in finding goods those are required by them. Pricing- The supermarkets employ market-based pricing strategy. Such pricing strategy employs mart conditions and use of its e-commerce and mobile applications as a basis for setting suitable prices. Generally, the supermarkets intends to offer lowest possible prices for the bulk or wholesale purchases through e-commerce platform in consideration to the prices set by other supermarkets within the retail market. In such conditions, pricing strategy of the supermarket is deemed an advanced version of the high-low pricing strategy that considers offering discounts for facilitating the consumers to save money (Cao et al. 2014). Supermarkets have made sure that great discounts can be attained if the consumers make bulk or wholesale purchases through its mobile applications and e-commerce platform. If the consumers consider making purchase through mobile applications and e-commerce platform, supermarkets will use everyday low price pricing strategy. The objective of such pricing strategy will be to attract huge consumer populations. Such strategy supports the supermarkets cost leadership strategy. Within the marketing mix, the pricing component serves as the major contributor of the supermarkets competitiveness (Liu et al. 2015). Place- Warehouse-style stores are the major places where the supermarkets sell all its products. This aspect of the marketing mix strategy indicates the venues through which the supermarkets sells and distributes all its products to its target consumers. The major venues of the supermarkets product distribution is through warehouse-style stores, supermarkets online store and supermarkets online application. The consumers of the supermarkets will be capable to find out several products from several stores through employing their mobile application. Moreover, with shopping from the supermarkets mobile applications the consumers will be able to have enhanced options and superior comparisons (Ziliani and Ieva 2015). The mobile application and the supermarkets e-commerce websites are deemed convenient for the target consumers. Moreover, the mobile users might use the supermarkets mobile application for gaining relevant information about the products and for taking a purchase decision. Consumers can also decide to have their online and mobile purchases delivered to the consumers at their doorstep. In this aspect of marketing mix, the supermarkets can make great use of information technology for wide market reach. Promotion- The promotional mix of the supermarkets includes advertisements, personal selling, sales promotions and the public relations (Hofacker et al. 2016). The supermarkets have developed mobile applications that come with special tabs for advertising the products that the business can use for gaining high revenue from the products offered by the businesses. The supermarket use bulk and wholesale discounts as a form of advertising strategy for the consumers those shop through mobile application and e-commerce websites. The supermarkets have also developed public relations advertisement for enhancing business and brand image (Einav et al. 2014). With the advancement of application market, supermarkets can consider advertising through usage of mobile application. Mobile marketing can be used by the supermarkets, through which the consumers can directly click on the advertisement and get to know about the offers or special discounts if they ordered products through mobile app. or e- commerce platform. Social media can also be end for the e-commerce and mobile application advertising (Holmes, Byrne and Rowley 2013). To promote their mobile applications, the supermarkets can get involved in e-commerce advertising through implementing several marketing techniques such as pay-per click ads, you tube channels, face book and other social media channels. E-commerce businesses of the supermarkets also considers advertising through social media channels as this can facilitate the business to generate CPM ads which can target people based on data that they have offered about themselves. Storyboard for Online Advertisement Problem Addressed by the App There are several problems those are addressed by the newly launched e-commerce application those are explained below: Supermarkets deals with issues in expanding their market and easily gain huge consumer base. The current e-commerce application developed by the supermarkets intends to decrease its cost of generating process along with managing and retrieving manual information through digitizing information (Taylor and Levin 2014). It becomes extremely difficult for the consumers to gin any-time enquiry regarding a particular product and view all its product options quickly and getting prompt delivery. Moreover, it has been observed that the consumers have a hectic life for which they do not get enough time to visit supermarkets for shopping and consider ordering through e-commerce platforms. The newly launched mobile application for the supermarkets will help in addressing the issues such as reducing expenses of the store font (Turban et al. 2015). This is because a traditional supermarket might experience huge overhead costs in maintaining a storefront. However, the e-commerce business of supermarkets does not experience such overhead expenses and automated billing through the mobile application can help in cut additional labour cost. Consequences of the Problem Certain consequences can arise because of the problems identified and this includes: The mobile application of the e-commerce business is that the app. comes in just one language. If the supermarkets launch the application, it can be used by it consumers all through the world and this cannot be highly successful unless the app supports multiple languages that will be understandable by all its consumers (Izquierdo-Yusta, Olarte-Pascual and Reinares-Lara 2015). There can be an issue of ineffective user interface that an impact the popularity of the mobile application. The mobile application indicates that it is less interactive and just comes with certain basic features. If the mobile application is not that interactive then it will not be popular among the target consumers of the supermarkets. If the mobile applications sensor is not that high-tech then it might not prove to be user friendly for the consumers. If the supermarkets are not that efficient in offering e-commerce and mobile applications services to its consumers those prefer shopping online because of their hectic lifestyle then, they the supermarkets tend lose its sales (West, Ford and Ibrahim 2015). Problem Solved by Mobile E-commerce Application The aforementioned identified issues can be solved by the mobile e-commerce application and these are mentioned under: The new mobile application of the supermarkets is so prepared that it is quite user-friendly for its consumers and the consumers can easily purchase goods from the application that will further enhance the supermarkets sales (Kim, Wang and Malthouse 2015). For making the new mobile application of the supermarket highly reliable and understandable for the consumers, supermarkets must consider launching the app in multiple languages. This is possible if the deigning of the application is conducted through understand the demographic of users and through launching app in regional languages. To make the mobile application highly interactive the new application must encompass more options along with tap and swipe. Moreover, the new application also includes interactive options much as shake, flip and tilt (Almeida, Santos and Monteiro 2014). As it is a new mobile application for the supermarkets, there must be tutorials, guidelines, instructions for making it easy for the consumers to understand the application in details. Moreover, introducing the thumbnail and icons can also facilitate the consumers in using the application effectively for purchasing goods. Conclusion The marketing and promotional strategy developed for the supermarkets has made sure to promote the goal to offer a mobile application that will facilitate consumers to make purchases through mobile applications. The objective of the current paper is to develop marketing and promotional strategy for the new mobile application of the supermarkets. From analysis of the marketing strategy for new mobile application, it has been gathered that the product aspect of the marketing mix affects the supermarkets through defining consumer experience. The supermarkets attain convenience as it offers a wide range of goods within its stores and the e-commerce websites of the supermarkets are developed in a better manner for assisting the shoppers in finding goods those are required by them. The supermarkets have developed mobile applications that come with special tabs for advertising the products that the business can use for gaining high revenue from the products offered by the businesses. The new mobile application of the supermarkets is so prepared that it is quite user-friendly for its consumers and the consumers can easily purchase goods from the application that will further enhance the supermarkets sales. Supermarkets deals with issues in expanding their market and easily gain huge consumer base. The current e-commerce application developed by the supermarkets intends to decrease its cost of generating process along with managing and retrieving manual information through digitizing information. Along with offering the following products that is found within the supermarkets stores and warehouses, the supermarkets offers certain services that includes photo printing services, payroll services within business services and life insurance within life services. Such aspect of marketing mix indicates that the supermarkets have made great expansion of its products mix to a significant diversification degree. The new mobile application of the supermarkets is so prepared that it is quite user-friendly for its consumers and the consumers can easily purchase goods from the application that will further enhance the supermarkets sales. For making the new mobile application of the supermarket highly reliable and understandable for the consumers, supermarkets must consider launching the app in multiple languages. This is possible if the deigning of the application is conducted through understand the demographic of users and through launching app in regional languages. To make the mobile a pplication highly interactive the new application must encompass more options. Reference List Almeida, F., Santos, J.D. and Monteiro, J.A., 2014. E-commerce business models in the context of web3. 0 paradigm.arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.6102. Cao, Y., Lu, Y., Gupta, S. and Yang, S., 2014. The effects of differences between ecommerce and mcommerce on the consumers' usage transfer from online to mobile channel.International Journal of Mobile Communications,13(1), pp.51-70. Einav, L., Levin, J., Popov, I. and Sundaresan, N., 2014. Growth, adoption, and use of mobile E-commerce.The American economic review,104(5), pp.489-494. Einav, L., Levin, J., Popov, I. and Sundaresan, N., 2014. Growth, adoption, and use of mobile E-commerce.The American economic review,104(5), pp.489-494. Hew, J.J., Lee, V.H., Ooi, K.B. and Lin, B., 2016. Mobile social commerce: The booster for brand loyalty?.Computers in Human Behavior,59, pp.142-154. Hofacker, C.F., De Ruyter, K., Lurie, N.H., Manchanda, P. and Donaldson, J., 2016. Gamification and mobile marketing effectiveness.Journal of Interactive Marketing,34, pp.25-36. Holmes, A., Byrne, A. and Rowley, J., 2013. Mobile shopping behaviour: insights into attitudes, shopping process involvement and location.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,42(1), pp.25-39. Izquierdo-Yusta, A., Olarte-Pascual, C. and Reinares-Lara, E., 2015. Attitudes toward mobile advertising among users versus non-users of the mobile Internet.Telematics and Informatics,32(2), pp.355-366. Kim, S.J., Wang, R.J.H. and Malthouse, E.C., 2015. The effects of adopting and using a brand's mobile application on customers' subsequent purchase behavior.Journal of Interactive Marketing,31, pp.28-41. Liu, F., Zhao, X., Chau, P.Y. and Tang, Q., 2015. Roles of perceived value and individual differences in the acceptance of mobile coupon applications.Internet Research,25(3), pp.471-495. Strm, R., Vendel, M. and Bredican, J., 2014. Mobile marketing: A literature review on its value for consumers and retailers.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(6), pp.1001-1012. Taylor, D. and Levin, M., 2014. Predicting mobile app usage for purchasing and information-sharing.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,42(8), pp.759-774. Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J.K., Liang, T.P. and Turban, D.C., 2015. E-commerce: mechanisms, platforms, and tools. InElectronic Commerce(pp. 51-99). Springer International Publishing. Turban, E., Strauss, J. and Lai, L., 2015.Social Commerce: Marketing, Technology and Management. Springer. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press. Ziliani, C. and Ieva, M., 2015. Retail shopper marketing: the future of promotional flyers.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(6), pp.488-502.